What Was The Most Important Cause Of Wor Essays - Military

What Was The Most Important Cause Of Wor? Prior to World War One, a large number of the significant European forces were engaged with two key unions. The first of these two was the Triple Alliance or Triplice. Formed in May of 1882, it comprised of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. The second contradicting partnership was the Triple Entente that was a friendship between France, Britain, and Russia. In World War I, these coalitions turned into the centers of the two rival sides, with the Triple Alliance turning into the Central Powers and the Triple Entente turning into the Allied Powers. The explanation that the coalition framework added to the First World War was that it implied that neighborhood clashes, even minor debates, as opposed to staying nearby in nature would attract all individuals from the two unions. Along these lines, clashes between Austria-Hungary over Serbia attracted not just Russia, which had regional aspirations in the territory, yet in addition their western European partners. Another reason was that European countries controlled littler nations, called provinces, and contended to hoard more settlements. Get-together settlements got known as Imperialism. Both France and Britain had numerous provinces in Africa and Asia. Presently Germany and Italy chose they needed a pilgrim realm as well. They were envious of the nations that had different spots where they could accumulate crude materials and modest work. In this way, the nations would contend and battle against one another to develop their realms. This would add to World War One since it made much increasingly pressure between the two nations that must be discharged by either a full-scale war or a harmony arrangement between the nations which was far-fetched because of the different questions between the nations. The weapons contest was likewise a factor towards the beginning of World War One, in light of the fact that the countries of Europe needed to have the most grounded military should war break out, so they could have a superior possibility of winning, and to shield themselves against hostility from their neighbors. Lamentably, as one nation develops their military, different nations see this, and feel compromised. In this way, they develop their own armed forces. This continues forever in a tragic cycle. Seeing as the significant powers in Europe currently had these colossal armed forces developed and activated, they had an instrument that they could use to take up arms. Had they not have had these enormous armed forces, at that point they wouldn't have had anything to wage a war with, and regardless of whether they did, their triumph would have been unreasonably questionable for them to chance pursuing a war. The Schlieffen Plan was a German war plan for a contention with France and Russia. It required a prompt intrusion of France in case of a contention with either country since France was viewed as the more impressive of the two countries. The Schlieffen plan added to the war since it implied that Germany entered Belgium and along these lines, broke the bargain with London which said that Belgium would stay a nonpartisan nation. England at that point proclaimed war to respect the arrangement of London, which consequently hauled the nations into war in light of the fact that the coalition framework implied that the Allies needed to enable their partner to out if help was required. All in all, I imagine that the most significant factor to the start of World War One was the coalitions. This is on the grounds that without the coalitions then as I referenced in my first section it was far-fetched that different nations would have gotten included and the questions would have been on an a lot littler scope. In spite of the fact that I accept that war was inescapable, I feel that without the collusions it would not be workable for a universal war to begin yet rather there would simply be different littler wars between nations that had debates between just both of them making significantly less slaughter and harm the world. Daniel Akowe

Lack of Core Competencies in Carl Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Lack of Core Competencies in Carl. Answer: Execution issues The exhibition issues remember the absence of center skills for Carl, in this manner neglecting to guarantee the upkeep of the fairway (Pinder, 2014). The center capabilities and abilities of a golf-guardian incorporate sound information on the turfs and the methods of looking after it (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). The golf-guardians need to have the down to earth aptitude of working the different apparatuses required for support of the fairway. The greenkeeper need to have great endurance and high physical wellness. So as to guarantee that the fairway is looked after appropriately, Carl should think about including a group so as to keep up the green. Cooperation may be useful in keeping the fairway liberated from the gophers. Successful execution the executives The human asset expert and the senior supervisor has a key task to carry out in viable execution the board (Pinder, 2014). The six stages for powerful presentation the board are as per the following: Record saving for every representative: The human asset specialist needs to keep up record of every worker, so as to follow the advancement. The head supervisor needs to spur every worker. Normal input: The HRM professional needs to give customary criticism to the workers. The senior supervisor needs to take customary input and distinguish the regions of progress. Setting destinations: The HRM specialist needs to guarantee the progressing in the direction of the objectives. The senior supervisor needs to help with defining the correct objectives. Guarantee discipline: The HRM specialist needs to guarantee taught work. The senior supervisor needs to aid trained work (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). Examination meeting: The HRM expert need to give evaluation of the representatives. The head supervisor needs to evaluate the workers adequately. Development: The HRM expert need to complete normal follow-up of the exhibition of the workers. The senior supervisor needs to catch up normally (Pinder, 2014). Execution Improvement Plan It could be suggested that Carl ought to take part in a collaboration, so the gophers could be avoided the green (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). Carl could treat the turfs with against rat synthetic concoctions, in this way shielding the fairway from being influenced. The trough could take standard input from the individuals who had griped about the gophers diving gaps in the fairway (Van Dooren, Bouckaert Halligan, 2015). The presentation of Carl could be checked via doing review of the green. In the event that no gopher gaps are discovered, at that point it could be presumed that the exhibition of Carl is viable. Social difference in the worker The three procedures are as per the following: The administrator needs to rouse Carl, with the goal that he accomplishes his work constantly. Inspiration has a key task to carry out in guaranteeing the tenacious working of the representatives (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). Worthwhile motivations and examination of the representatives must be consolidated (van lair Heuvel, Demerouti Bakker, 2014). The assurance of the representatives and self-assurance should be caused, with the end goal that the workers like Carl stay self-spurred. The two best-practice that should be fused: Inspiration of the representatives with money related advantages and other evaluation modes (Pinder, 2014) Join assurance and self-inspiration References Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014). Armstrong's handbook of human asset the executives practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Pinder, C. C. (2014). Work inspiration in authoritative conduct. Brain science Press. van nook Heuvel, M., Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B. (2014). How mental assets encourage adjustment to hierarchical change. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 23(6), 847-858. Van Dooren, W., Bouckaert, G., Halligan, J. (2015). Execution the board in the open segment. Routledge.

History and Key Concepts of Behavioral Psychology

History and Key Concepts of Behavioral Psychology Theories Behavioral Psychology Print History and Key Concepts of Behavioral Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 19, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 24, 2019 More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Behaviorism, also known as behavioral psychology, is a theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment. Behaviorists believe that our responses to environmental stimuli shape our actions.?? According to this school of thought, behavior can be studied in a systematic and observable manner regardless of internal mental states.?? According to this perspective, only observable behavior should be consideredâ€"cognitions, emotions, and moods are far too subjective. Strict behaviorists believed that any person can potentially be trained to perform any task, regardless of genetic background, personality traits, and internal thoughts (within the limits of their physical capabilities). It only requires the right conditioning. Verywell / Jiaqi Zhou A Brief History of Behaviorism Behaviorism was formally established with the 1913 publication of John B. Watsons classic paper, Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It.?? It is best summed up by the following quote from Watson, who is often considered the father of behaviorism: Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and Ill guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might selectâ€"doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors. Simply put, strict behaviorists believe that all behaviors are the result of experience. Any person, regardless of his or her background, can be trained to act in a particular manner given the right conditioning. From about 1920 through the mid-1950s, behaviorism grew to become the dominant school of thought in psychology. Some suggest that the popularity of behavioral psychology grew out of the desire to establish psychology as an objective and measurable science. Researchers were interested in creating theories that could be clearly described and empirically measured but also used to make contributions that might have an influence on the fabric of everyday human lives. Types of Conditioning There are two major types of conditioning: Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning is a technique frequently used in behavioral training in which a neutral stimulus is paired with a naturally occurring stimulus. Eventually, the neutral stimulus comes to evoke the same response as the naturally occurring stimulus, even without the naturally occurring stimulus presenting itself. The associated stimulus is then known as the conditioned stimulus and the learned behavior is known as the conditioned response.?? Operant Conditioning Operant conditioning (sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning) is a method of learning that occurs through reinforcements and punishments. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior. When a desirable result follows an action, the behavior becomes more likely to occur again in the future. Responses followed by adverse outcomes, on the other hand, become less likely to happen again in the future.?? What Should Know About Behavioral Psychology Strengths Focuses on observable, measurable behaviors Scientific and replicable Useful for modifying behaviors in the real-world Useful applications in therapy, education, parenting, child care Weaknesses Does not account for biological influences Does not consider moods, thoughts, or feelings Does not explain all learning Learning can occur through associations. In physiologist Ivan Pavlovs classic experiments, dogs associated the presentation of food (something that naturally and automatically triggers a salivation response) with the sound of a bell, at first, and then the sight of a lab assistants white coat. Eventually, the lab coat alone elicited a salivation response from the dogs.?? The classical conditioning process works by developing an association between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus. Different factors can influence the classical conditioning process. During the first part of the classical conditioning process, known as acquisition, a response is established and strengthened. Factors such as the prominence of the stimuli and the timing of presentation can play an important role in how quickly an association is formed. When an association disappears, this is known as extinction, causing the behavior to weaken gradually or vanish. Factors such as the strength of the original response can play a role in how quickly extinction occurs. The longer a response has been conditioned, for example, the longer it may take for it to become extinct.?? Learning can also occur through rewards and punishments. Behaviorist B.F. Skinner described operant conditioning as the process in which learning can occur through reinforcement and punishment.?? More specifically, by forming an association between a certain behavior and the consequences of that behavior, you learn. For example, if a parent rewards their child with praise every time they pick up their toys, the desired behavior is consistently reinforced. As a result, the child will become more likely to clean up messes. Reinforcement schedules are important in operant conditioning. This process seems fairly straight forwardâ€"simply observe a behavior and then offer a reward or punishment. However, Skinner discovered that the timing of these rewards and punishments has an important influence on how quickly a new behavior is acquired and the strength of the corresponding response.?? Continuous reinforcement involves rewarding every single instance of a behavior. It is often utilized at the beginning of the operant conditioning process. But as the behavior is learned, the schedule might switch to one of partial reinforcement. This involves offering a reward after a number of responses or after a period of time has elapsed. Sometimes, partial reinforcement occurs on a consistent or fixed schedule. In other instances, a variable and an unpredictable number of responses or time must occur before the reinforcement is delivered. Several thinkers influenced behavioral psychology. In addition to those already mentioned, there are a number of prominent theorists and psychologists who left an indelible mark on behavioral psychology. Among these are Edward Thorndike, a pioneering psychologist who described the law of effect, and Clark Hull, who proposed the drive theory of learning.?? There are a number of therapeutic techniques rooted in behavioral psychology. Though behavioral psychology assumed more of a background position after 1950, its principles still remain important. Even today, behavior analysis is often used as a therapeutic technique to help children with autism and developmental delays acquire new skills. It frequently involves processes such as shaping (rewarding closer approximations to the desired behavior) and chaining (breaking a task down into smaller parts and then teaching and chaining the subsequent steps together).?? Other behavioral therapy techniques include aversion therapy, systematic desensitization, token economies, modeling, and contingency management. Behavioral psychology has some strengths. Behaviorism is based on observable behaviors, so it is sometimes easier to quantify and collect data when conducting research. Effective therapeutic techniques such as intensive behavioral intervention, behavior analysis, token economies, and discrete trial training are all rooted in behaviorism. These approaches are often very useful in changing maladaptive or harmful behaviors in both children and adults.?? It also has some weaknesses. Many critics argue that behaviorism is a one-dimensional approach to understanding human behavior. Critics of behaviorism suggest that behavioral theories do not account for free will and internal influences such as moods, thoughts, and feelings.?? Also, it does not account for other types of learning that occur without the use of reinforcement and punishment. Moreover, people and animals can adapt their behavior when new information is introduced even if that behavior was established through reinforcement. Behavioral psychology differs from other perspectives. One of the major benefits of behaviorism is that it allowed researchers to investigate observable behavior in a scientific and systematic manner. However, many thinkers believed it fell short by neglecting some important influences on behavior. Freud, for example, felt that behaviorism failed by not accounting for the unconscious minds thoughts, feelings, and desires that influence peoples actions. Other thinkers, such as Carl Rogers and the other humanistic psychologists, believed that behaviorism was too rigid and limited, failing to take into consideration personal agency. More recently, biological psychology has emphasized the power of the brain and genetics play in determining and influencing human actions. The cognitive approach to psychology focuses on mental processes such as thinking, decision-making, language, and problem-solving. In both cases, behaviorism neglects these processes and influences in favor of studying just observable behaviors.?? One of the greatest strengths of behavioral psychology is the ability to clearly observe and measure behaviors. Weaknesses of this approach include failing to address cognitive and biological processes that influence human actions. A Word From Verywell While the behavioral approach might not be the dominant force that it once was, it has still had a major impact on our understanding of human psychology. The conditioning process alone has been used to understand many different types of behaviors, ranging from how people learn to how language develops. But perhaps the greatest contributions of behavioral psychology lie in its practical applications. Its techniques can play a powerful role in modifying problematic behavior and encouraging more positive, helpful responses. Outside of psychology, parents, teachers, animal trainers, and many others make use of basic behavioral principles to help teach new behaviors and discourage unwanted ones.

Level Of Evidence And Grade Of Recommendation - 834 Words

Level of Evidence and Grade of Recommendation The work of Snethen et al. (2006) will be evaluated as level III for strength of evidence according to the practice guideline of the John Hopkins Nursing EBP (JHNEBP). This is because this article is a systematic review of case control studies with interpreted and translated findings of other studies. Given that the study has level III evidence, with definitive conclusion, sufficient sample size, adequate control, consistent recommendation for further study based on reviewed studies, the article is graded A for quality rating . The recommendations and evidence will impact my practice positively but as a starting point of evidence based recommendations for appropriate treatment interventions for addressing overweight/obesity. By knowing these factors that contribute to childhood obesity and the importance of parents involvement is preventing and treating the epidemic, I will therefore be proactive in designing comprehensive plan of cares that involve parents and other stakeholders in solving this challenge in my future pediatric patients.. The Hesketh et al. (2005) study is evaluated as level III for strength of evidence because it is a qualitative study that involves focus groups. Given the evidence of level III, the study is graded C for quality rating. This is because the study design was not organized, the findings were purely descriptive and there is no definitive conclusion. The results of this study are will not beShow MoreRelatedEssay on Critical Appraisal1662 Words   |  7 Pagesappraisal is the process of systematically examining research evidence to assess its validity, results, and relevance. (Hill, 2001) Critical appraisal of research is preformed by clinicians prior to using it to make healthcare decisions. The critical appraisal process systematically finds, appraises, and acts on evidence based research after thorough review. The use of critical appraisal also allows us to make sense of research evidence and allows us to begin to close the gap between research andRead MoreImportance Of Cervical Cancer Screening1278 Words   |  6 Pagesages 21 to 65 (U.S. Preventative Services Task Force [USPSTF], 2016a). The USPSTF has graded this recommendation with an â€Å"A† indicating that they have a high level of certainty that the screening will prove to be beneficial, rather than harmful to the patient (USPSTF, 2016a). However, if this patient would prefer to receive cervical cancer screening every five years, the USPSTF also has a high level of certainty that this will prove to beneficial rather than harmful if human p apillomavirus (HPV)Read Moremonitor alarm fatigue Essay1248 Words   |  5 Pagesmultiple conditions (Christensen et al., 2014). In Cvach’s (2012) article, an integrated review synthesized research and non-research findings of seventy-two articles, published between 1/1/2000 and 10/1/2011. The author used the John Hopkins Nursing Evidence Based-Practice model to measure and evaluate the articles for this review. The data collected were categorized into 5 main themes: excessive alarms and the effects on nurses, nurses response to alarms, alarm sounds and audibility, technology toRead MoreNursing Care of the Critically Ill Patient Requiring a Massive Blood Transfusion1309 Words   |  5 Pagestransfusion of 10 or more blood units within a 24-hour period (Hess, 2013). 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Using such information shows the intent to provide safe and improvedRead MoreBreastfeeding And Childhood Asthm Qualitative Article Paper1413 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferences between the studies. Discrepancies between studies may be due to differences in study design, methods, measurements, and population selection. These methodological shortcomings would result in heterogeneous conclusions. The majority of evidence supports that breastfeeding does reduce the risk of childhood asthma. How and Why Asthma is a common chronic health ailment that affects many children. Asthma presently affects an estimated 7.1 million children under 18 years and is the thirdRead MoreEthics And Public Service1559 Words   |  7 Pagesand public service will build the base for a strong ethical climate within the department. Further, this will assist the department in achieving the Secretary’s goal of indoctrinating DVA ethics throughout the organization. Therefore, it is my recommendation that the department, as part of a professional leadership development curriculum, design a comprehensive ethics course, which will provide a basis for future and advanced courses in ethics to build. Finally, concerning fundamental competenciesRead MoreThe Importance of Oral Hygiene Essay650 Words   |  3 Pagesdiagnosis and treatment of the disease however limited literature references were mentioned to support the conclusion that, Oral cavity lesions can be the first sign of relapse or succession of myeloma.1 †¢ Only 5 cases were reported which limits study evidence. More number of cases should be observed to confirm the conclusion. †¢ The purpose of the study and final conclusion do not match. In the study purpose it was mentioned that, oral cavity lesions could be indicative of palpable disease and/or recurrenceRead MoreEssay on Managing Communications Knowledge and Information1647 Words   |  7 Pagesimprove decision making and taking 1.1 identify the range of decisions to be taken 1.2 review information and knowledge needed to ensure effective decision taking 1.3 assess internal and external sources of information and understanding 1.4 make recommendations for improvement 2 Create strategies to increase personal networking to widen involvement in the decision-making process 2.1 identify personnel including customers, other stakeholders and other experts 2.2 make contact with those identified andRead MoreAutomated Medication Dispensers In The Home 1458 Words   |  6 Pagesmedication practices and appropriate therapeutic responses to the medications that have been prescribed by the health care provide r. Evidence-Based Practice Models ACE Star Model The ACE Star Model is one that helps brings new concepts and implement them into practice with use of old concepts or current practice concepts which helps to organize ones approach to the evidence-based practice research and practice (Stevens, 2004). The ACE Star model is made up of five areas that include: discovery, summary

Architecture Essay - 2633 Words

Influences of Spanish Architecture in Mexico Spanish expeditions conducted during the seventh and eighteenth century has brought a variety of architectural and artistic influences to the different indigenous regions of the New Americas. It is documented that â€Å"the Architecture of Mexico began with the Spanish conquest of the country.† (Mullen, 18) The architecture of Mexico has exhibited much richness and wealth, has displayed the political and religious conditions of the time, and has showed off the countries beauty and grace through different artistic devices, mainly through the ornamentation of buildings. The architecture that developed in Mexico during the military expeditions and colonization of Mexico has brought forth many†¦show more content†¦Churches built during this period usually had a dome along with a rectangular plan. This was the period of introduction to both domes and the cruciform plan in the New Americas. During the Spanish conquest through the Americas the conquistadores discovered mining as a valuable commodity in Mexico. Knowing how precious these metals were, the conquistadores forced the Indians to labor for large quantities of these precious minerals. The Spaniards also found lot of material available for the use of masonry. All of these conditions made it possible for the construction of many churches, palaces, houses, bridges, and aqueducts to have been built. The advancement of Spanish architecture in the New Americas incorporated different styles, which include Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Moorish, Mudejar and the Churrigueresque orders. All these different orders of architecture brought from Spain have highly influenced the religious life of American Natives. There are three cities in Mexico in which I noticed an important significance of religious architecture in the community; these being Puebla, Cholula, and Tlaxcala, each colonial city displaying different styles of colonial architecture. The architecture in Puebla, Mexico is comprised of Franciscan and Mexican Baroque Architecture. The city of Puebla is found about 60 miles southeast of Mexico City. Throughout its history is has been known by various names: City of Angels, City of Tiles, andShow MoreRelatedCommunity Architecture : Architecture And Architecture1695 Words   |  7 Pages What is ‘Community Architecture’? The ‘Community Architecture’ is kind of architectural practice between architects and users. Also, it can be described as architect follow the wish of users or community to design the building fit the requirement by using local materials and helps the residents to build the structure. Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) described ‘Community Architecture’ should follow the idea about The aim of community architecture is to improve the quality of the environmentRead MoreArchitecture And Design Of Architecture1753 Words   |  8 PagesArchitecture An architect plans, designs and construct structures. Architects can design many things like a shopping mall, a library, skyscrapers, and so much more. Architecture is a very interesting career that I would like to learn more about. I will be discussing why I chose to research this career and the different types of architects there are, the average annual salary an architect makes, what they do on a daily bases, how much education you need to be an architect, and the pros and cons aboutRead MoreArchitecture Vs. 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Apple Inc Free Essays

Apple was founded by Steve Job and Steve Wozniak on April 1, 1976. Since this company launched to the market, it had been the leader of the world of technology for almost two decades. It not only was the pioneer of the desktop computer but also has a large successful number of products introduced over the years. We will write a custom essay sample on Apple Inc or any similar topic only for you Order Now By 1990, Apple had 1 billion in cash and more than $5.5 billion in sales and the ROE was 32% by that time it was considered as a year profitable. However, this situation was not permanent Apple suffered the decay due to the technological market was extremely fast changing as it was moving through the people ‘lives. Additional, there were other factors that affect Apple such as competition in the market, products available that can substitute Apple’s products and the price. Therefore, the question is how Apple should do or what strategies should apply Apple forward 1992. Five force Porte’s Analysis Potential competitor: By 1991 the income of hardware was $50 billion in the market and $30 billion for software and about 100 million for installing. The topmost 17 of computing’s industry that located in the market have increased their market share by installed united from 39% in 1981 to 61% in 1991. Of these 17 companies, the most relevant that could compete with Apple was IBM, NEC, Compac and Olivtti. Additionally, the companies that prevalent in the production of the microprocessor (brain center of the computer) was Intel and Microsoft. With these two companies (Intel and Microsoft) worked together to seize the market share almost 90% assuming $40 billion in software was installed in the Intel and Microsoft, then only $4.5 billion to $5 billion on Apple which means only covered 10% of the market share. New Entrants: For the personal computer industry, it could classify in components such as memory storage, microprocessor, operation system, platform, application software and distribution for each one had a different level of barriers of entry. For example, Microsoft and Intel which produce microprocessor and operation system. This kind of products was required high specialization and a high cost of investment, therefore, it had higher barriers of entry. However, for the platforms, application software and distribution have low barriers of entry it was due to these products was easy to imitate and it required lower investment to produce it. Bargaining power of buyer: it could categorize into three sectors: the first one was business/government which is the large one. This sector could produce 60% of the units and 70% of the total income. The second was individual/home market produce 31% of units and 23% of income the last one and also the small sector one it was educational that only could generate 9% of units and 7% of income. With this information we can assume that the large business, government, and school, the could buy computers in a huge volume as a result, they were strong enough to dictate term and bargain on price, quality, and service. However, personal computer was more sensitive to the price because they were more likely to notice a price rise and switch to another product. Bargaining power of supplier: the components for manufacturing personal computer was the microprocessor, motherboard, memory storage, and peripherals such as monitor, keyboard or mouse, along with bundled software. The memory storage and peripheral were components that was extremely regularized and very accessible from any supplier which mean it would be easy to switch from one supplier to another. Consequently, the supplier of those similar components had lower force in the PC industry. However, Microsoft and Intel which produce microprocessor and operation system, these components embraced important power in the market especially for the personal computer makers that they wanted to trade their computer as a package which means include preinstalled software. Moreover, Apple worked exclusively with Motorola. Motorola was the only supplier to Apple. Therefore, it was not only would not be easy to change the supplier but also was sensitive price. How to cite Apple Inc, Papers Apple Inc Free Essays Features of Apple Industry:2 Evaluation of Steve Jobs as a strategic leader4 Strategic Innovation5 Recommendation7 Conclusion8 Reflection of our group work9 References12 Introduction As the first of the World’s Most Innovative Companies (Business week, 2010) and the 17th of the Best Global Brands (Interbrand, 2010), Apple has succeeded in strategic leadership and innovation, which has drawn attention from the world recently. This essay focuses on some key issues of Apple’s innovation. It begins with analyzing the key features of Apple Inc by Porter’s five forces and Kay’s distinctive capabilities. We will write a custom essay sample on Apple Inc or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then, the evaluations of the CEO Steve Jobs as the strategic leader and explanations of Apple’s strategic innovation are involved. The final section is our recommendations to Apple. Features of Apple Industry: In the stage of analyzing the key features of Apple industry, the first method is the Porter’s five forces model. It divides into five parts, threat of new entrants, threat of substitutes, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers and competitive rivalry within an industry (Assen, Berg and Pietersma,2009). Firstly, for Apple, there are some new entrants have disruptive power. For example, some online services which are similar to iTunes. However, there are numbers of high requirement for new entrants to get in the market, for instance, time and cost of entry. In the part of substitutes, nowadays, large amount of substitutes have good performance, they cost lower, are easy to switch, but only few of them have same quality as Apple’s products in the same price. In terms of bargaining power of buyers, it is an influential trouble for Apple. Although Apple has vast and loyal customers, every buyer and retailer all want better stuff in lower price. Moreover, they may reduce spending on Apple’s products if their economy downturn. Furthermore, Apple can ignore bargaining power of its professional suppliers, such as Inter, and strategic alliance, like Microsoft. The last part is the existing rivalry; Apple has a lot of powerful competitors, for example, HP and Lenovo. They pressure into Apple in every technological area and attract buyers by different products. Nevertheless, to be the most innovation company of the world, Apple industry is competitive all the time. Another method used in analysing key features of Apple industry is Kay’s distinctive capabilities. This model consists of Architecture, Reputation and Innovation. Architecture: in the internal part between firm and employees, Apple industry has owns special corporate culture and a spiritual leadership. Apple corporate culture is featured in intense works and being pursuit of perfect works under a casual atmosphere and with sharing spirit. For a spiritual leadership, Steve Jobs’ role in Apple is motivating employees to bring employees’ creative talent into full play and not involving in the employees’ work. In the external part and net works of architecture, Apple only choose strong suppliers having professional advantages to cooperate, such as Intel, it always cooperate other firms with its own purpose. For instance, the apple chose the Google to take advantage of its maps and video features for phone. Reputation: Apple has a great reputation that is built up on the basis of the quality signals and consumers’ own experiences. Apple pays attention to quality of products. Apple keeps a trial and error on every product to prevent any quality problems from happening in future. Moreover, Apple’s production is always based on consumers’ experience. For example, Apple offers a free trial for consumers to feel their products. Innovation: Apple is famous for its innovation that can be demonstrated by technological innovation, product innovation and management innovation. Technological innovation means a perfect integration between hardware and software and Apple also keep updating them. Referring to product innovation, from first imac to recent-product i phone, Apple products, combining different functions, all go through the innovation. Speaking of management innovation, after Steve job’s employment, Apple’s management style is successfully transformed from relaxed style to controlled one. Evaluation of Steve Jobs as a strategic leader Steve Jobs is known to be eccentric when it comes to strategy and business because he strives to become a market leader by dominating the competitors in customer loyalty, distribution and coverage, perceived value, price, profit and promotional spending. This is evident when we compare Apple and Microsoft because when Microsoft shows profit by sheer quantity, Apple competes strongly with the quality of its products and services. As an innovative leader, Steve Jobs is legendary which is reflected on his company motto â€Å"Think different! † Rethinking, reinventing and revitalizing are the three main ways of doing business according to Steve Jobs. Simplicity and innovation in terms of the product range gave Steve Jobs the edge over other competitors. A well-known example for this is the annual launch of new and updated versions of the iPod with a simple change in colour, form-factor and memory capacity. His risk-taking approach to business is believed to be unique making him an epitome of courage. His idea of self-belief and a vision enabled him to lead a great career life. He believes in investing in new innovative products and services that are built on existing technologies to create a â€Å"customer and market-based business†. His ability to get over failures and try again makes him a suitable comparison with Thomas Edison who had his share of failures along with mighty successes. Apple is a multi-billion company and yet they have just fewer than 30 different products. This is because of Steve Jobs’ immense drive for focus on a specific and well-identified section of the consumer electronics market. This shows the stringent and perseverant character of Steve Jobs as he would have told â€Å"No† to many potential ideas related both to the products and in recruitment. When Steve Jobs was fired from Apple in 1985 and came back in 1996, he implemented what we now believe as a CEO-centric model of strategic leadership that involves not just generation of ideas but also to hold the rudder of a massive ship that is Apple. Hence Steve Jobs will always be remembered as one of the most visionary, creative and high-impact leaders of his generation or any generation. Strategic Innovation Apple has successfully engaged in strategic innovation and has awarded the most innovative firm for triple years continuously. At the same time, it is the top one most admired firm in American (McGregor, 2008). Due to apple’s history, it belongs to established company. Therefore, overcoming the inertia of success and making a change is a big challenge. Combing Palmer and Kaplan’s theory of seven dimensions of strategic innovation with apple’s experience, this paper analyzes strategic innovation in Apple. In terms of Markides (1998), strategic innovation is basic principles build up new business modules and creates new markets and increase benefits for both company and consumer. In other words, strategic innovation refers to company needs to market positioning and was good at founding vacant space in market and filled up. Palmer and Kaplan’s theory of seven dimensions of strategic innovation are explained as follow: A Managed Innovation Process -Assembling conventional and unconventional ways to business strategy (Palmer, D. and Kaplan, S. , 2007). It is said that apple’s products develop in simultaneous stages and Apple always sticks with a proprietary ecosystem. Though it has some drawbacks, the benefits outweigh drawbacks. Core Technologies and Competencies- Main skills (ibid). Due to the face that Apple is high-tech Company, it requires consecutive high technologies innovation. Apple was dedicated to study innovative industrial design; such as apple has the world’s most advanced operating system and intuitive UI and so on. Industry Foresight –Forecasting the complex forces driving change (ibid. Steve Jobs quoted the words from Wayne Gretzky-â€Å"I skate to where the puck is going to be, not where it has been† (Jobs, 2008, cited in Yates, 2010). And he said they always tried to do that at Apple since the very beginning. Strategic Alignment – Establishing Support (ibid). In Apple, when it comes to a strong strategic vision for the business, the powerful leader is capable to align the people in the organization with the direction inherent in this vision. Therefore, the enthusiastic internal support could be achieved. Consumer/Customer Insight – Deep perceiving of target (ibid). On one hand, Apple possesses wide audience ranging from amateurs to professionals. On the other hand, Apple satisfies customers’ requirements. All products are characterized by human interface design and ease of use, combing aesthetics and simplicity, showing a perfect balance of form and function. Organizational Readiness – The ability to implement strategy (ibid. ) The board of directors had been re-structured since Jobs took over in 1997. Apple gets an excellent leadership and team spirit. At the same time, Apple masters core technologies and competencies. Sufficient preparation leads to success. Disciplined Implementation –Putting the strategy into effect (ibid. ) Apple’s process of implementation follows the module: culture- product-user-brand. All the products that meet user’s needs abide by their culture, which causes consumer loyalty; they get good reputation, therefore, the brand is established. Certainly, effective marketing strategy is an essential part of successful implementation. Recommendation Based on analysis above, here follows some recommendations to Apple. Maintain design spirit. As most customers are attracted by peculiar aesthetic design of products, Apple should continue paying attention to it. Keep innovation. Innovation is the soul of Apple Inc, Keeping innovation will bring Apple a bright future. Improve product compatibility. Improving compatibility is able to increase the opportunities of choosing Apple products. At the same time, the product market share will be improved. Search for the promising leader and create positive crises. It is essential to find another brilliant leader after Jobs. Apple should keep unsatisfied with current success and pursue change. Find hi-tech partners. Consumer electronics and entertainment industry are high competitive industries which update technology frequently. Thus, finding partner is crucial for an enterprise in the industry, especially, a hi-tech partner. Conclusion According to studied about Apple, it can be reached that there is an excellent management team in Apple Inc. , especially the CEO Steve Jobs, a strategic, spiritual leader with strong personality. In terms of strategy of the corporation, it is sticking to core competencies and innovation strategy, making the perfect products to consumer. With reference to organization, Apple is a mix-mechanic and organic style. Staffs in Apple are always with passion and love their own company as well. Performance of Apple in the consumer electronic and entrainment market which is a hyper competition market with technology updating speedily is excellent. There are a large number of loyal customers, great strategies, beautiful products and influential leadership which are all produced by Apple, an innovation corporation. Reflection of our group work Our group work focuses on a topic- Strategic Leadership and Innovation at Apple Inc. y Apple case studies, several key questions are asked to answer, including the key features of Apple industry, the evaluations of the CEO Steve Jobs as the strategic leader, explanations of Apple’s strategic innovation and our recommendations to Apple. Our group activities was proceed according to a routine of making assignment for each people; then searching for materials individually; next, sharin g ideas and of discussing issues together. In the following part, we will introduce a procedure of our group activity in detail. The object of our first group meeting was getting main idea to carry out our project after we read the apple case material. In this meeting, our group discussed and got general ideas and several key words from this case: what is management and innovation in Apple. But it didn’t work very well due to insufficient preparation. Therefore, when we made a second meeting, we changed our idea to go on our tasks according to orders of questions. Each two members of our group took responsible for one question, and a member took charge of introduction, recommendation and conclusion. In this time, everyone got a clear task. In the following group meeting, we discussed what we found from collected materials and gave advices of every question and pick the best ones to the questions. Everyone is asked to complete their own speeches of their own presentation. If we had problems of our project in the period of not being together, we still kept in touch online. In the last two group meeting, we all gave a brief presentation of our own part to group members and made them understand every piece of our works, and we all achieved agreement to our project without any doubt. One of team member combined all pieces of Power Point into the whole and decorated it. We all prepared for the presentation and kept practice with a time controlling together. For a group work, we evaluate that it is fairly good with advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, we learned a lot from this group work. Firstly, we learned how to analyzer a case with models. Furthermore, we also learned that by a combination of case studies and models, it strengthens the knowledge we learned in the class. Secondly, this activity also improved our skills of doing presentation and reports. We got a clear understanding of requirements of good presentation and reports. Last but not least, our team members shared ideas and made up for each others’ disadvantages. From this experience we got the team work spirit and learn how to corporate with others, how to solve the conflicts. On the other hand, some problems existed in the period of meeting. Frankly speaking, some meetings are ineffective, because we didn’t prepared well what supposed to do about case studies. Moreover, on the account of some member’s absence and lack of team spirit, the progress of our group work was affected. Here are some suggestions to the future team work we learn from our experience: firstly, a clear schedule should be made in the beginning as a guide of future works. Secondly, team members need to improve group awareness and join in a group activity positively. Everyone of a group should review handouts or materials in advance of one’s own responsibility of a group. Lastly, the efficiency is critical to group work. References Assen. M. V. , Berg. G. V. D. , Pietersma. P. (2009) Key Management Models, Prentice Hall Best Global Brands, Retrieved Nov 4th, 2010, form http://www. interbrand. om/en/best-global-brands/Best-Global-Brands-2010. aspx Brian. C. Steve Jobs Killer Instintcts. Retrieved Oct 27th, 2010, form http://www. forbes. com/2009/04/06/apple-microsoft-advertising-technology-enterprise-tech-apple. html Harvard Business review blog, Retrieved Oct 27th , 2010, from http://blogs. hbr. org/taylor/2009/06/decoding_steve_jobs_trust_the. html Markides. C. (1998). Strategic Innovation in Established Companies, Sloan Management Review, pp31-42. McGregor. J. (2008). The world’s most innovative companies. Business week, April 17. Retrieved Oct 27th, 2010, from http://www. usinessweek. com/magazine/content/08_17/b4081061866744. htm Palmer, D. and Kaplan, S. (2007). A Framework for Strategic Innovation, Innovation Point LLC, PP. 1-24. Practice of leadership website, Retrieved Oct 28th, 2010, from http://www. thepracticeofleadership. net/2008/03/30/steve-jobs-and-his-leadership/ Roberts, J (2004). The Modern Firm, Oxford University Press. Saswati. 2010. The seven dimensions of strategic innovation. Retrieved Oct, 26th, 2010, form http://www. improvementandinnovation. com/features/articles/seven-dimensions-strategic-innovation? age=1 Strategy leader blog, Retrieved Oct 26th, 2010, from http://strategyleader. blogspot. com/2010/01/steve-jobs-risktaking-innovative. html The 25 Most Innovation Companies 2010. Retrieved Nov. 1st, 2010, form http://images. businessweek. com/ss/10/04/0415_most_innovative_companies/26. htm , Yates, V. |(2010). Steve Jobs. Retrieved Oct 26th, 2010, from http://www. leadevalues. com/Content/detail. asp? ContentDetailID=1369 1000 ventures website, Retrieved Oct 27th, 2010, from http://www. 1000ventures. com/business_guide/market_leader. html How to cite Apple Inc, Papers

Being Black or White in Canada Two Nations

Question: Discuss about theBeing Black or White in Canadafor Two Nations. Answer: Introduction Canadians have a habit of asking people the question of their origin (Veenstra Patterson, 2016, p. 53). This especially happens when one is not white. It is until they know one's race and geographical coordinates that they can relax. They are always curious to know the exact place that one comes from, what one's race is and who one's parents are. Lawrence Hill, the author the of the article The Question has been asked the question about his origin so many times by the Canadians which makes him feel offended ( Lawrence, 2001, p. 29). According to Lawrence Hill, the Canadians who are asked the question of their origin are the black and mixed race people. Rarely do black people ask others of their origin because they have been asked the question countless times which have made them sophisticated through their experiences. Lawrence Hill is convinced that the Canadians do not ask the question about one's race out of curiosity, but they are interested in knowing one's ancestry. The Canadians will not ask a Canadian who is indisputably white and whose accent is similar to traditional Anglo-Canadian of his origin. The black people are the ones who are faced with this question since the Canadians feel that they have the right to know the exact place where they originate (Lawrence, 2001, p. 45). They view the black people as different from them because they do not resemble them and they are clearly not Canadians. The Canadians teach their children etiquette such that by teenage they understand what is polite and what is n ot. However, they do not warn them of asking people of their origin which Lawrence Hill views as impolite (Hacker, 2010, p. 64). Lawrence Hill interviewed several people in the greater Toronto area who gave different views on how they responded to the question of their origin. One of the people who was interviewed was Tyson Brown who said that when he was asked the question of his origin, he took it as an advantage to educate people concerning issues of blackness and mixed race. He responded to the question by saying that he was mixed white Canadian and African Canadian. Tyson was in a high school which was largely white, and he explained to Hill how he came to embraced his identity as a young black man. However Dan another interviewee narrated that the question was an unpleasant experience when he was growing up since people did not believe when he told them that he was half black (Lawrence, 2001, p.22). Karyn Hood said that she often got mad at people who asked her about her race. Karyn explained that she was perceived as exotic, preferred to date black men and cultivated friendships with black community which she finds annoying. Natalie wall said to Lawrence Hill that the question of his origin was a very rude one. People he encountered on the streets were always guessing about his origin and when he told them that he was Canadian and they still insisted on knowing the exact place he came from. Jaz Miller is sick of being asked the question so many times that she has invented a way of responding to the question with the aim of embarrassing the person asking it. Aaron Cavon narrated that people were always surprised when he refused to answer the question since it irritated him. People in Toronto felt offended when they were constantly asked about their racial background (Fanon, 2008, p. 35). Lawrence Hill finds the question of his origin offensive because it makes a false assumption about the identity of black and mixed race people. The race is used as a factor to base their identity. He records that when he gets up in the morning, he does not consider whether he is black and carries on his activities normally. He cares less of the whiteness and blackness within him which the society reflects back at him. Lawrence Hill feels that interrogating someone especially a stranger of their identity is very wrong (Lawrence, 2001, p. 23). One vivid experience I encountered was when I was in an exchange program in one of the universities in the United States. Every student was curious to know of the country that I came from since I looked different from them. The questions ranged from who my parents were to what their origin was. I was asked this many times that it offended me. I wondered how my origin mattered to them. Just like Hill, I feel that it is the high time that people stop questioning people about their race and appreciate them regardless of their colour or origin. Conclusion Personally, I find the question about my origin offensive just like Hill. It is wrong to judge people based on their race because it most often leads to discrimination. It is not edifying at all since it makes a person feel alone in a strange country where people are of a different race. It feels offensive when people bombard you with questions about your race instead of being hospitable. References Fanon, F. (2008). Black skin, white masks. Grove Press. Hacker, A. (2010). Two Nations: Black and White, separate, hostile, unequal. Simon andSchuster. Lawrence, H. (2001). On being white or black in Canada. Canada: HarperCollins Publishers. McKinnon, B., Yang, S., Kramer, M. S., Bushnik, T., Sheppard, A. J., Kaufman, J. S. (2016). Comparison of blackwhite disparities in preterm birth between Canada and the United States. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 188(1), E19-E26. Ramraj, C., Shahidi, F. V., Darity, W., Kawachi, I., Zuberi, D., Siddiqi, A. (2016). Equally Inequitable? A cross-national comparative study of racial health inequalities in the United States and Canada. Social Science Medicine, 161, 19-26. Veenstra, G., Patterson, A. C. (2016). BlackWhite Health Inequalities in Canada. Journal Of Immigrant and Minority Health, 18(1), 51-57.